02 Jan 2025
A new review examines the growing incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in young populations, addressing its causes, risk factors, and complications. It emphasizes the significance of early identification and treatment, advocating for a comprehensive, family-oriented approach to managing T2DM in children and adolescents, with a focus on dietary, physical activity, and lifestyle modifications.
Methodology
A comprehensive literature analysis was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases, incorporating research from 2015 to 2024 on T2DM in young individuals. The review concentrated on epidemiological data, risk factors, and preventive measures, excluding studies on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) or adult populations.
Findings
T2DM is revealed to be a multifaceted metabolic disorder influenced by various social, behavioural, environmental, and genetic factors. It now represents one-third of new diabetes diagnoses in children, with higher prevalence among certain ethnic groups. The rise in T2DM cases parallels increasing childhood obesity rates. Early onset significantly elevates the risk of various complications, including eye, kidney, and nerve damage, as well as cardiovascular issues. Timely detection, screening, and intervention can mitigate or postpone these complications. Effective management requires a family-centred, multidisciplinary strategy encompassing lifestyle and behavioural support.
Implications
The increasing prevalence of T2DM in children presents a significant health challenge with far-reaching consequences. Prompt identification and management, including nutritional and exercise guidance, are crucial in mitigating long-term complications. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for enhancing outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality rates.